The institute was established in 1945 to document the history of the Second World War in the Netherlands and the Indonesian archipelago. This is still one of the NIOD's aims, but it has significantly broadened its remit over the years.
In the academic field, the NIOD presents itself as a centre of international, comparative and multidisciplinary research. NIOD researchers deal with perpetratorship, experiences, memories and trauma, transitional justice, restoration of rights, and regime change. In short: with themes that shed light on mass violence in the 20th and 21st centuries as a global phenomenon.